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ARTICLE IN JOURNAL
INTERNATIONAL REFEREED
PUBLISHED
1. Saitta*, S, P Kripakaran, B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Improving system identification using
clustering". JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, 22, no. 5 (2008):
292‑302. (United States).
2. Saitta*, s., B. Raphael and I.F.C. smith, "A bounded index for cluster validity". Lecture Notes
In Computer Science, 4571 (2007): 174‑187. (United States).
3. Saitta*, S., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "A comprehensive validity index for clustering".
Intelligent Data Analysis, 12, no. 6 (2007): 529‑548. (United States).
@ 4. Low*, S P, B. Raphael, F M Arain and S Soh, "Analyzing construction‑related market trends
in APEC countries using GIS". Business Review, 2, no. 2 (2007): 29‑46. (Pakistan).
5. Raphael*, B., B. Domer, S. Saitta and I.F.C. Smith, "Incremental development of CBR
strategies for computing project cost probabilities". Advanced Engineering Informatics, 21
(2007): 311‑321. (United Kingdom).
6. SAITTA*, S., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Data mining for decision support in multiple‑model
system identification". WSEAS Transactions on Systems, 5, no. 12 (2006): 2795‑2800.
(United States).
7. Low*, S P, B. Raphael and K K Wong, "Tsunamis: some pre‑emptive disaster planning and
management issues for consideration by the construction industry". Structural Survey, 24,
no. 5 (2006): 378‑396. (United Kingdom).
8. Raphael, B., "Derivational Analogy: Challenges and Opportunities". Lecture Notes In
Computer Science, 4200 (2006): 545‑553. (United States).
9. Saitta*, Sandro, B. Raphael* and Ian Smith, "Combining two data mining methods for system
identification". Lecture Notes In Computer Science, 4200 (2006). (United States).
10. Patil*, A., B. Raphael and P. Rastogi, "Introduction of stochastic methods to phase shifting
interferometry". JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS, 52 (2005): 33‑44. (United Kingdom).
11. Saitta*, S, B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Data mining techniques for improving the reliability of
system identification". Advanced Engineering Informatics, 19, no. 4 (2005): 289‑298.
(United Kingdom).
12. Patil*, A, P Rastogi and B. Raphael, "Phase‑shifting interferometry by a covariance‑based
method". APPLIED OPTICS, 44, no. 27 (2005): 5778‑5785. (United States).
13. Patil*, A., P. Rastogi and B. Raphael, "A stochastic method for generalised data reduction in
holographic moiré". OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, 248 (2005): 395‑405. (Netherlands).
14. Robert‑Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael* and I.F.C. Smith, "System identification through model
composition and stochastic search". JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING,
19, no. 3 (2005): 239‑247. (United States).
15. Robert‑Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Configuration of measurement systems
using Shannon’s entropy function". COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES, 83 (2005): 599‑612.
(United Kingdom).
16. Robert‑Nicoud, Y., B. Raphael, O. Burdet and I.F.C. Smith, "Model identification of bridges
using measurement data". COMPUTER‑AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE
ENGINEERING, 20, no. 2 (2005): 118‑131. (United States).
17. Patil*, A., B. Raphael and P. Rastogi, "Generalized phase‑shifting interferometry using direct
stochastic algorithm for global search". OPTICS LETTERS, 29 (2004): 1381‑1384. (United
States).
18. Domer*, B., B. Raphael, K. Shea and I.F.C. Smith, "A study of two stochastic search
methods for structural control". JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, 17,
no. 3 (2003): 132‑141. (United States).
19. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Global search through sampling using a PDF". Lecture Notes
In Computer Science, 2827 (2003): 71‑82. (United States).
20. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "A direct stochastic algorithm for global search". APPLIED
MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION, 146, no. 2 (2003): 729‑758. (United States).
21. Svanerudh*, P., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Lowering costs of timber shear‑wall design
using global search". ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS, 18, no. 2 (2002): 93‑108.
(Germany).
22. Raphael*, B., G. Bhatnagar and I.F.C. Smith, "Creation of flexible graphical user interfaces
through model composition". Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design Analysis and
Manufacturing, 16, no. 3 (2002): 173‑184. (United States).
23. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Finding the right model for bridge diagnosis". Lecture Notes In
Computer Science, 1454 (1998): 308‑319. (United States).
24. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Case‑based model selection for engineering diagnosis".
Lecture Notes In Computer Science, 1488 (1998): 112‑125. (United States).
25. Kumar*, B. and B. Raphael, "Reconstructive Memory in Case‑based Design". Artificial
Intelligence in Engineering, 11 (1997): 245‑258. (United Kingdom).
26. Raphael*, B. and B. Kumar, "Object‑oriented Representation of Design Cases".
COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES, 63, no. 4 (1997): 663‑668. (United Kingdom).
27. Kumar*, B. and B. Raphael, "CADREM: A Case‑based System for Conceptual Structural
Design". ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS, 13 (1997): 153‑164. (Germany).
28. Raphael*, B. and B. Kumar, "Indexing and Retrieval of cases in a Case‑based Design
Systems". Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design Analysis and Manufacturing, 10
(1996): 47‑63. (United States).
29. Krishnamoorthy*, C.S., B. Raphael and S. Mukherjee, "Meshing by successive superelement
decomposition (MSD) ‑ A new approach to quadrilateral mesh generation". FINITE
ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, 20 (1995): 1‑37. (Netherlands).
30. Raphael*, B. and C.S. Krishnamoorthy, "Automating finite element development using object
oriented techniques". ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS, 10 (1993): 267‑278. (United
Kingdom).
ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION
31. Raphael, B., "Active Control of Daylighting Features in Buildings". COMPUTER‑AIDED CIVIL
AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, (2009). (United States).
32. Saitta*, Sandro, Prakash Kripakaran, B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Feature Selection using
Stochastic Search: An Application to System Identification". JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING, (2008). (United States).
33. Raphael, B., "Promoting Efficient Use of Visualization Tools through Education". JOURNAL
OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, (2008). (United States).
NON‑REFEREED
PUBLISHED
34. TEOH*, M C, B. Raphael and S P Low, "Lean Construction principles and their practice in
Singapore". Construction Information Quarterly, 11, no. 1 (2009): 24‑28. (United Kingdom).
@ ‑ indicates journal classification is based on the proposed classification of the author(s)
CONFERENCE PAPER
LOCAL/REGIONAL
ORAL PRESENTATION
PUBLISHED
1. Raphael, B., "Cumulative deflection approach for the analysis of continuous beams".
Proceedings of fourth Indian Engineering Congress, ed. ‑ (1990). Delhi: Indian Engineering
Congress. (Fourth Indian Engineering Congress, Bhubaneswar, 1 Jan 1990, Bhubaneswar,
India)
INTERNATIONAL
ORAL PRESENTATION
PUBLISHED
2. Raphael*, B., K W Tham and S C Sekhar, "ACTIVE CONTROL OF INDOOR
ENVIRONMENT QUALITY". Automation and robotics in construction, ed. Koshy Varghese
(2007): 119‑124. Madras: Indian Institute of Technology. (International symposium on
automation and robotics in construction, 19 ‑ 21 Oct 2007, Kochi, India)
3. Raphael, B., "A new approach to multi‑objective optimization". IT solutions for the design and
managment of infrastructure construction projects, ed. B. Kumar and P.R. Swarup (2006).
New Delhi: CIDC. (ICITE/ITCSED 2006, 15 ‑ 17 Nov 2006, India habitat centre, New Delhi,
India)
4. Raphael, B., "KnowPrice2: Intelligent cost estimation for construction projects". Intelligent
computing in engineering and architecture, ed. Ian Smith (2006). Germany: Springer.
(Intelligent computing in engineering and architecture, 25 ‑ 30 Jun 2006, Monteverita, Ascona,
Switzerland)
5. Raphael*, B., B. Kumar and Iain MacLeod, "Learning retrieval strategies through examples in
a case‑based design system". CIVIL‑COMP 1995, ed. B. Topping (2005). Edinburgh:
CIVIL‑COMP Press. (CIVIL‑COMP 1995, 1 Sep 1995, Berlin, Germany)
6. Raphael*, B. and S. Saitta, "Knowprice: using derivational analogy to estimate project costs".
Eighth international conference on the application of artificial intelligence to civil, structural and
environmental engineering, ed. B.H.V. Topping (2005). Stirling: Civil‑Comp Press. (Eighth
international conference on the application of artificial intelligence to civil, structural and
environmental engineering, 30 Aug ‑ 2 Sep 2005, Rome, Italy)
7. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Engineering Applications of a Direct Search Algorithm,
PGSL". Proceedings of the 2005 ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil
Engineering, held in Cancun, Mexico, July 12‑15, 2005, ed. L. Soibelman , F. Pena‑Mora
(2005). Reston: ASCE. (Computing in Civil Engineering, 12 Jul 2005, Cancun, Mexico)
8. Saitta*, S., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Supporting Engineers during System Identification".
Proceedings of the 2005 ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering,
held in Cancun, Mexico, July 12‑15, 2005, ed. L. Soibelman , F. Pena‑Mora (2005). Reston:
ASCE. (Computing in Civil Engineering, 12 ‑ 15 Jul 2005, Cancun, Mexico)
9. Raphael, B., S. Saitta* and I.F.C. Smith, "Data Mining for System Identification Support". 12th
EG‑ICE Workshop, ed. Borkowski A. (2005). Warsaw: EG‑ICE. (12th EG‑ICE Workshop, 16
‑ 18 Jun 2005, Warsaw, Poland)
10. Robert‑Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael* and I.F.C. Smith, "Improving the reliability of system
identification". Next Generation Intelligent Systems in Engineering, Proceedings of the 11th
International EG‑ICE Workshop, ed. Schnellenbach‑Held, M., Hartmann, M. (2004). Weimar:
VDI‑Fortschritt‑Berichte. (Next Generation Intelligent Systems in Engineering, 1 Jul 2004,
Weimar, Germany)
11. Robert‑Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael* and I.F.C. Smith, "Using entropy to maximize the usefulness
of data collection". 10‑nth International Conf. on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering
(ICCCBE), ed. Karl Beucke, Berthold Firmenich, Dirk Donath, Renate Fruchter, Kim Roddis
(2004). Weimar: Bauhaus‑Universität Weimar. (10‑nth International Conf. on Computing in
Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE), 1 Jun 2004, Weimar, Germany)
12. Robert‑Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "A methodology for model selection using
measurements". International Conference on Decision Making in Urban and Civil
Engineering, ed. F. Khasrowsahi (2002). London: ‑‑‑. ( International Conference on Decision
Making in Urban and Civil Engineering, 6 ‑ 8 Nov 2002, London, United Kingdom)
13. Robert‑Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Decision support for system identification".
Advances in Intelligent Computing in Engineering, ed. M. Schnellenbach‑Held, H. Denk
(2002). Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag. (Advances in Intelligent Computing in Engineering, 9th
International Workshop of EG‑ICE, Darmstadt, 1 ‑ 3 Aug 2002, Darmstadt, Germany)
14. Raphael*, B., Y. Robert‑Nicoud and I.F.C. Smith, "Computing probabilities of costs using
cases". Computing in Civil Engineering, Proceedings of the International Workshop on
Information Technology in Civil Engineering, a specialty workshop of the ASCE Civil
Engineering Conference and Exposition, held November 3‑7, 2002, in Washington, DC, ed.
A.D. Songer, J.C. Miles (2002). Reston: ASCE. (Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE
Proceedings IT2002 Washington, 3 ‑ 7 Nov 2002, Washington DC, Washington, United
States)
15. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "A model‑based approach for the creation of flexible graphical
user interfaces". Artificial Intelligence in Construction and Structural Engineering (2001).
Loughborough: CICE. (Artificial Intelligence in Construction and Structural Engineering, 20 ‑
22 Jul 2001, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom)
16. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Using cases and probabilistic analysis for monetary risk
assessment". Safety, Risk and Reliability, International Conference Malta (2001). Zurich:
IABSE. (Safety, Risk and Reliability, International Conference Malta, 21 ‑ 23 Mar 2001, Malta)
17. Robert‑Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Decision support through multiple models
and probabilistic search". Construction Information Technology 2000. Taking the construction
industry into the 21st century, ed. G. Gudnason (2000). Reykjavik: Icelandic Building
Research Institute. (Construction Information Technology 2000. Taking the construction
industry into the 21st century, 28 ‑ 30 Jun 2000, Icelandic Building Research Institute,
Reykjavik, Iceland)
18. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "A probabilistic search algorithm for finding optimally directed
solutions". Construction Information Technology 2000 Taking the construction industry into
the 21st century, ed. G. Gudnason (2000). Reykjavik: Icelandic Building Research. ISBN
9979‑9174‑3‑1. (Proceedings of Construction Information Technology 2000, 28 ‑ 30 Jun
2000, Icelandic Building Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland)
19. Raphael, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "A course on the fundamentals of computer‑aided engineering".
Computing in Civil and Building Engineering ICCCBE VIII (2000). Reston: ASCE. (Computing
in Civil and Building Engineering ICCCBE VIII, 14 ‑ 17 Aug 2000, Stanford University,
California, United States)
20. Raphael*, B., K. Shea and I.F.C. Smith, "A task and software independent CAE course".
AICIVIL‑COMP99: The fifth international conference on the applications of AI to Civil and
Structural Engineering, ed. Topping B. (1999). Edinburgh: CIVILCOMP press.
(AICIVIL‑COMP99: The fifth international conference on the applications of AI to Civil and
Structural Engineering, 13 ‑ 15 Sep 1999, Oxford, United Kingdom)
21. Robert‑Nicoud, Y., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Managing assumptions and models for
evaluations of existing structures". Artificial Intelligence in Structural Engineering,, ed.
A.Borkowski (1999). Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Naukowo‑Techniczne. (Artificial Intelligence in
Structural Engineering, 1 Sep 1999, Warsaw, Poland)
22. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Development of an undergraduate course on the
fundamentals of CAE". Civil Engineering Learning Technology, ed. Lloyd, R M and Moore, C
J (1999). London: Thomas Telford. (Civil Engineering Learning Technology, 1 Aug 1999,
Cardiff, United Kingdom)
23. Raphael*, B., B. Kumar and Iain MacLeod, "Potential roles for cases in a design system".
6‑th International conference of computing in civil and building engineering, ed. Pahl PJ,
Werner H, (1995). Rotterdam: A A Balkema. (6‑th International conference of computing in
civil and building engineering, 12 ‑ 15 Jul 1995, Berlin, Germany)
24. Kumar*, B., B. Raphael and Iain MacLeod, "Case‑based Reasoning for Structural Design".
First Workshop of the European Group for Structural Engineering Applications of Artificial
Intelligence, ed. I. Smith (1994). Lausanne: ‑‑. (First Workshop of the European Group for
Structural Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 21 ‑ 24 Mar 1994, Lausanne,
Switzerland)
25. Raphael*, B., B. Kumar and Iain MacLeod, "Representing design cases based on methods".
Computing in Civil Engineering, vol 2 (1994): 285‑292. Reston: ASCE. (Computing in Civil
Engineering, 1 Jan 1994, New York, United States)
26. Raphael*, B. and B. Kumar, "Representing design cases". Knowledge based systems for
civil and structural engineering, ed. B. Topping (1993): 259‑264. Edinburgh: COMP Press.
(Knowledge based systems for civil and structural engineering, 1 Jan 1993, Edinburgh,
United Kingdom)
BOOK/MONOGRAPH AUTHORED
PUBLISHED
1. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, Fundamentals of computer aided engineering, London: John
Wiley, 2003. 309 pp.
2. Kumar*, B. and B. Raphael, Derivational analogy based structural design, London:
Saxe‑Coburg Publications, 2001. 178 pp.